MIF Family Cytokines in Innate Immunity and Homeostasis by Richard Bucala & Jürgen Bernhagen

Author:Richard Bucala & Jürgen Bernhagen
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Springer International Publishing, Cham

2.5 MIF and Hepatocellular Carcinoma

There is mounting evidence that MIF plays a role in several types of cancer including in the breast, colon, pancreas, and lungs. Human and experimental data indicate that MIF also participates in primary liver cancer. MIF is overexpressed in HCC, correlates with cyclin D1 expression, and mediates proliferation of HCC cell lines [90]. Moreover, overexpression of MIF is significantly associated with HCC size, intrahepatic metastasis, vascular invasion, and TNM stage [91]. MIF knockdown inhibits the expression of growth-related proteins and induces the expression of apoptosis-related proteins. Finally, genetic variations of MIF (i.e., MIF-794CATT microsatellite repeats) predict HCC surgical prognosis [92]. Overall, these studies support a role for MIF as a novel therapeutic target for HCC. Besides its pathogenic role, MIF serum levels are markedly elevated in HCC patients, and its levels decreased after tumor ablation, suggesting that plasma MIF levels have potential as a diagnostic and prognostic factor for HCC [93].

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